​In this second post leading up to transplanting orchids, I thought I’d cover a less commonly recognized problem for orchids—water quality.  I, personally, never put too much thought into this topic until recently.  If you’re like me, you probably think that if the water is good enough for you to drink, it’s good enough for the orchids, too.  Well, that’s not always the case.  In this post, I’ll cover a couple things you might want to check and keep in mind when watering your orchids.

​This table is just a quick overview of the topics covered in this post.  For a more detailed discussion, read on!

Public and private water systems have varying methods of purifying and decontaminating water before human use.  For drinking water, some methods include:

1. Filtration
2. UV sterilization
3. Chlorination – adding chlorine, often in the form of bleach

While filtering and UV-sterilization don’t have as big of a role in plant health, chlorine can be an issue.  As I said earlier, the treatments done to our drinking water are regulated at the level of human health.  While the water is safe for us to drink, it may not be good for our plants.

​If you’re a homeowner, you’ve probably heard of hard and soft water before.  Hard water contains fairly high levels of calcium, while soft water does not.  The calcium in hard water tends to cause scale build up in water pipes that damages the pipes over time.  As a result, public and private water facilities will often manually soften the water by exchanging the calcium ions for sodium ions.

At the concentrations we’re talking about, neither the calcium nor sodium ions are a health issue for humans, but they can cause problems for houseplants. 
As I discussed above, there are fertilizers designed for hard water (that provide less calcium to make up for the calcium already present in the water).  However, the sodium can become a problem because it is not considered essential to plant growth and can become toxic.
Orchids, especially, are sensitive to excess salt build up, like sodium chloride. 
What to look for:  Is your water hard, naturally soft, or manually softened?

​I don’t know about you, but twice a year, Day Light Savings always messes me up.  For at least a week after we fall back or spring forward, I’m a wreck—I can’t focus, I’m more tired than usual. 
     Part of the problem is because that 1 measly hour change messes with the human body’s circadian rhythm. You may have heard of that term before, in Latin circadian roughly translates to “about day”, meaning this rhythm is about ~24hrs long. 

​Although we still don’t understand all of the details of circadian rhythms, here are some things we do know:

Circadian rhythm in plants:
      The most visible way that plants demonstrate their circadian rhythm is by tracking the sun with their leaves or flowers.  In fact, the first time this motion appeared in scientific reports was in the 1700s, so we’ve know about it for a while.  Even today, we don’t understand exactly how plants control their circadian rhythm.
      Sunflowers are excellent for observing this solar tracking.  What’s absolutely wild about these flowers is that they reset themselves at night.  They follow the sun from east to west during the day, but overnight they reset back to face east for the next sunrise.  This demonstrates that, although they may follow the environmental cue of sunlight, that’s not the only driver.  Without sunlight at night, they still somehow move back to face east (not south or north) and they are reset back to east before the sun rises again. Check out this video to watch sunflowers in action: https://www.nature.com/news/video-sunflowers-move-to-internal-rhythm-1.15548

Circadian rhythm in orchids:
     The most obvious example of circadian rhythm in orchids that I’ve observed in my own plants is flower scent.  Have you ever bought a plant that the grower swore smelled beautiful, but every time you smell it, there’s no scent?  Try smelling that flower at different times of the day—including the middle of the night.  The chemicals responsible for the scent are expensive for the orchid to make.  Most orchids won’t waste the energy or resources to make those chemicals if their pollinator isn’t active.  It’s like calling your night-owl friend at 6am.  Why bother when you know she’ll be asleep and won’t answer? You have a better chance of her answering if you wait for a time when you know she’ll be awake.
     For instance, I have an oncidium that only has a scent in early afternoon while my mom has a brassolaeliocattleya (Blc.) that has the most beautiful, powerful scent…at 2am.  The difference is that my oncidium’s target pollinator is probably most active in the middle of the day, while the Blc.’s pollinator is likely nocturnal.